Table of Content

14 May 2025, Volume 43 Issue 2

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Review

Progress on civil aircraft vibration comfort design

SHU Juncheng, , HE Erming, , YIN Menghan, , ZHAO Guanchen,

2025, 43(2):  1-7. 

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In the competition of the civil aviation market, passenger comfort is paramount. In order to improve the vibration

comfort of civil aircraft and enhance the market competitiveness of Chinese civil aircraft, this article proposed

methods and ideas for solving civil aircraft vibration problems from the perspective of civil aircraft design process.

Firstly, based on the commercial operation of China′s domestically developed regional aircraft ARJ21 and large

aircraft C919 with independent intellectual property rights, the main vibration problems of China′s self-developed

civil aircraft were introduced in detail. Secondly, the multi-source vibration characteristics of civil aircraft and

their transmission paths on the body were analyzed, and the methods of multi-source vibration contribution analysis and cabin vibration comfort evaluation were introduced. Subsequently, in order to prioritize vibration comfort

requirements in the design phase of civil aircraft, a two-stage vibration reduction index allocation process based on

multi-source vibration contribution analysis was proposed, and the basic idea of civil aircraft vibration comfort design was constructed. Finally, the research direction of vibration comfort design for civil aircraft was prospected,

and the technical measures and ideas to improve passenger comfort were explored, in order to provide useful inspiration for the vibration comfort design of Chinese civil aircraft.

Review of key technologies and methods for secure sharing of civil aviation data

DENG Wua , LI Xinyanb , ZHOU Xiangbing , ZHAO Huimina

2025, 43(2):  8-18. 

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This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the current research status and technological advancements in civil

aviation data sharing. Firstly, this article outlines the basic framework and core elements of civil aviation data sharing, followed by a detailed discussion of several cutting-edge technologies and their applications. Among them, the

system wide information management (SWIM) serves as the core platform supporting civil aviation data sharing, achieving comprehensive integration and efficient utilization of aviation data by building a unified information

exchange network. The collaborative decision making (CDM) system further strengthens real-time communication and collaboration across departments and institutions, particularly demonstrating significant results in areas of

flight operation management, optimal resource allocation and emergency response, which has effectively improved

the overall operational efficiency and safety of the civil aviation system. In terms of data security and privacy protection in data sharing, new technologies such as blockchain and federated learning have also shown great poten鄄

tial. Blockchain provides secure and transparent data sharing solutions, while federated learning achieves knowledge sharing under the premise of protecting privacy. However, data sharing faces challenges such as insufficient

standardization, difficulty in cooperation and coordination, data security, technical complexity, and cost feasibility.

In summary, this article not only reveals the latest technological advancements of key technologies for secure sharing of civil aviation data, but also provides a forward-looking perspective on future trends and opportunities, providing reference and guidance for the continuous innovation of civil aviation data sharing and the digital transformation of the global civil aviation industry.

Safe Operations in Integrated Airspace

Research on evolution of air traffic flow fluctuations based on integration

encoding transition network

ZHANG Xie , ZHANG Jun , LIU Hongzhi , ZHAO Yifei

2025, 43(2):  19-30. 

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In order to break through the limitations of previous research that only focused on the direction of air traffic flow

fluctuations, and to fully highlight the actual operational information such as flow fluctuation status and airport capacity limitations in the study of air traffic flow dynamic evolution, a fusion encoding transition network construction method is proposed using dynamic coarse-grained encoding method to symbolically encode the airport flow

volume ratio and flow fluctuation gradient and merge into fluctuation modal. Quantitative analysis and qualitative

identification study are conducted on the evolution laws and characteristics of air traffic flow fluctuations from a

complex network perspective, focusing on the 24-hour and coordinated time periods of Beijing Daxing International Airport (Daxing Airport). The research results indicate that the differences in the evolution of air traffic flow

fluctuations between the two periods at Daxing Airport are mainly concentrated at the macro level. The evolution of

flow fluctuation modes has significant transfer aggregation and successive frequency, and there are significant frequent transfer modes. Strong clustering modes and large hub modes effectively characterize the trajectory characteristics of flow fluctuation evolution. These regular features provide a theoretical basis for predicting air traffic flow

fluctuations state and constructing flow management plans, which has practical significance for improving airport

capacity utilization efficiency and optimizing airport time resource allocation.

Optimization of aircraft dynamic taxiing path

GAO Jinmin , LE Meilong , LI Xingcan

2025, 43(2):  31-37. 

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To reduce aircraft taxiing time and improve the efficiency of airport surface utilization, this paper establishes a

mixed integer linear programming model for aircraft dynamic taxiing. The model aims to minimize the total operating cost and is constrained by taxi safety intervals and conflict avoidance. The essence of the model belongs to the

dynamic traveling salesman problem (TSP). Therefore, computational experiments are conducted based on the scene

configuration data and 33 takeoff and landing flight data of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (Baiyun Airport). For the convenience of research, this article first applies graph theory processing to the physical scene to establish a graph theory model, using intersection points, endpoints, and segmentation points as points, and runway

and taxiway segmentation as edges. Based on the arrival (departure) situation, a directed graph is established to

ensure that the aircraft slides towards the parking position (runway). Special point designs have been adopted to

avoid conflicts with departing flights when handling runway crossings. In order to solve the problem using Cplex

optimizer, the model linearizes the nonlinear constraints. In order to verify the correctness of the model, a calculation experiment is conducted without considering conflicts to prove its ability to find the shortest path. Then, a time

stamp, i.e. a time window, was attached to perform calculation of dynamic optimization path to avoid conflicts. The

results indicate that the mixed integer linear programming model for aircraft dynamic taxiing can effectively obtain

the optimized path for dynamic takeoff and landing taxiing. In Baiyun Airport, the east-west separated operation,

i.e. the runway assignment "nearby mode", can be used for aircraft taxiing optimization scheduling

Future airports and smart equipment

Evaluation and prediction of runway roughness by pilots based on

BP neural network

QI Lin , LI Lingtong

2025, 43(2):  38-44. 

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Based on the survey data of subjective evaluation of runway roughness by pilots on 37 actual test runways, conducted by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in B737-800 and A330-200 flightsimulators, the relationship between the evaluation indicators of runway roughness and pilots′ evaluations of runway roughness in China was analyzed, and the impact of different aircraft models on pilots′ evaluations of runway roughness were compared and analyzed. Back propagation (BP) neural network was built, the current runway roughness evaluation indicators in China and aircraft gross weight (AGW) were taken as the input, and the pilots′ acceptance of runway roughness were

taken as the output to predict the pilots′ evaluation of runway roughness. The results showed that the goodness of fit

between each runway roughness evaluation indicator and the pilot′s evaluation of runway roughness is low, making

it impossible to predict the pilots′ evaluation results separately. The aircraft type can affect the pilots′ evaluation of

runway roughness, and the characteristics of the aircraft type should be considered when the pilot evaluates and

predicts runway roughness. The BP neural network has a prediction accuracy of 100% in the training set and 95.5%

in the test set. It can effectively integrate the characteristics of China′s runway roughness evaluation indicators and

achieve accurate prediction of pilots′ runway roughness evaluation results across aircraft types.

Study on the strength of frozen powdery clay and its influencing factors

in the Mohe region

QI Chunxiang, MA Jiahui, LU Weilong, ZHANG Kaiqiang, ZHAO Zhongtao

2025, 43(2):  45-51. 

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Permafrost is significantly affected by temperature and freeze-thaw cycles. In order to explore its mechanical properties, this paper takes frozen soil in Mohe area as the research object, and conducts direct shear tests of frozen soil

under different moisture content and freeze-thaw cycle times, as well as dynamic triaxial tests of frozen soil under

different temperature, moisture content, confining pressure, loading frequency, and freeze-thaw cycle times, to analyze the shear resistance characteristics and dynamic performance of frozen soil under different influencing factors. The experimental results indicate that the shear stress and shear displacement curves of frozen soil samples are

strain softening type. As the moisture content and freeze-thaw cycles increase, the shear strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle of frozen soil samples all decrease to varying degrees. The dynamic elastic modulus of frozen

soil samples varies within the range of 210-800 MPa in the experiment, which is positively correlated with moisture

content, freeze-thaw cycle times, and loading frequency, and negatively correlated with temperature and confining

pressure conditions, with the most significant change with moisture content. Meanwhile, based on the experimental

results, the formula for calculating the dynamic elastic modulus of frozen soil based on various influencing factors

are derived. The above research results can provide reference data on the mechanical properties of frozen soil for

airport construction and other engineering projects in the Mohe area.

Analysis of factors affecting terminal safety resilience based on

DEMATEL-ISM model

SONG Yang a , WANG Ruiqi b , ZHANG Peng b

2025, 43(2):  52-57. 

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To promote the construction of terminal safety resilience and improve the level of terminal safety management, the

concept of "safety resilience" is introduced into terminal safety management, and the factors affecting the safety resilience of the terminal are analyzed using the integrated method of decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory

(DEMATEL) and interpretative structural model (ISM). Firstly, the definition of terminal safety resilience is proposed, and the indicator system of terminal safety resilience influencing factors is constructed centered on the monitoring ability, resistance ability, emergency response ability and recovery ability demonstrated with its operation.

Then, the DEMATEL-ISM model is established, and the DEMATEL method is used to calculate the degree of influence, the degree of being influenced, the degree of center, the degree of cause, and the causal attributes between

the factors, and the ISM method is used to divide their hierarchical structure. Finally, Terminal A of a domestic airport is taken as an example for model validation. The results indicate that the fundamental influencing factor of terminal safety resilience is the establishment of a terminal safety resilience mechanism, which is consistent with the

actual operation of Terminal A. This validates the effectiveness and reliability of the model and provides decision making and theoretical support for terminal safety management.

Analysis of the influence of metal mesh structure parameters on lightning

protection effect of CFRP laminates

JIA Baohui a , LIU Xuyub , YANG Xiaob

2025, 43(2):  58-65. 

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To explore the influence of the geometric structure parameters of the metal mesh on its lightning protection ability, a

finite element model of carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRP) laminates with different geometric structure parameters of the metal mesh protective layer was established. The thermal and electrical coupling analysis was used to

simulate the CFRP lightning ablation damage without protection, with aluminum mesh protection and with copper

mesh protection. CFRP ablation damage under copper mesh protection with different geometric structural parameters are compared and analysed. It is found that under the same geometric structure parameters, copper mesh has

better lightning protection effect than aluminum mesh. The geometric structure parameters of the metal mesh can

affect its lightning protection effect. The long and short intercept will affect the number of nodes of the metal mesh.

The lightning protection ability of the metal mesh will increase with the number of nodes. Increasing the width and

thickness of the wire can improve the lightning protection ability of the metal mesh, and the lightning protection ability improved by increasing the wire thickness is better than that by increasing the wire width. By comparing the

protective capability of copper mesh with different grid internal angles, it is found that 48° is the internal angle that

can relatively improve the lightning protection capability of metal mesh.

Design and development of structural health management system for

passenger-to-cargo aircraft

LI Dinghea , GAO Boxiang b , WU Yaogang b

2025, 43(2):  66-72. 

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Passenger-to-cargo conversion is an effective way to cope with the volume growth of air cargo and the disposal of old

passenger aircraft. Passenger-to-cargo aircraft are mostly aged aircraft with serious structural damage problem,

thus the development of structural health management system has a very important engineering application value.

This paper combines the current situation of aircraft health management business in an MRO (maintenance, repair

and overhaul) enterprise and its own information development needs, based on an electronic prototype model of a

certain type passenger-to-cargo aircraft, a passenger-to-cargo aircraft structural health management system is designed and developed, providing an efficient processing and management platform for a large amount of structural

health data, implementing functions such as computer management of health management business, sharing and

communication of information resources, analysis and evaluation of typical injuries, etc. The finite element analysis

provides effective value for aircraft configuration management and health management.

Two-level matching algorithm for image features based on CA-SIFT

JIAO Weidong, JIAO Yizhe

2025, 43(2):  73-82. 

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To address the problems of loss of image spectral information, low matching accuracy and large computational effort in the process of color image matching by the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm in Euclidean

space, an image matching algorithm based on CA-SIFT is proposed using the expressiveness of Clifford algebra

(CA) for multidimensional space. Firstly, the image is transformed to CA space representation, while retaining the

image space and spectral information, and the metric function is constructed by the inner product operation of the

conformal geometric algebra to improve the efficiency of feature point search and detect feature points in CA space.

Secondly, a two-stage image feature matching strategy is adopted, the CA-SIFT feature description vector is converted into a hash code, and the coarse matching results are obtained by brute force matching. Finally, a gridbased motion statistics (GMS) method is used to complete the fine matching. The experimental results show that the

proposed algorithm outperforms the SIFT algorithm, and the number of extracted feature point pairs is improved

nearly 54%. In terms of image matching, the average matching accuracy reaches over 98%, achieving a highly accurate and applicable image matching method for most scenes.

General aviation and drones

Research on the simulation platform for medium and large UAV based on Unity3D

SONG Yunxue, ZOU Zizhen

2025, 43(2):  83-88. 

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With the increasingly widespread application of medium and large unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), their maintenance support and flight control capabilities are receiving growing attention from users. This article aims to address

the difficulties in practical maintenance of UAV and the low safety of flight control, taking the MQ-9 UAV as a case

and using the highly interactive and realistic Unity3D engine as a development tool, a visual simulation platform for

UAV is constructed to explore virtual maintenance and flight simulation methods. The results indicate that the interactive visualization feature of the simulation platform enables users to easily obtain the static and dynamic characteristics of the UAV maintenance system, timely provide geometric interference warnings between the maintenance personnel and the maintenance environment, verify the accuracy of maintenance and flight operations, and

achieve the goal of improving maintenance process cognition and flight operation skills.

Air Transport Economics

Evaluation of coupling coordination degree between China′s air transportation

industry and private economy from a multi-level perspective

LI Guodonga, , LIU Huijieb, , MEI Yuea,

2025, 43(2):  89-96. 

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To promote the coordinated development of China′s air transportation industry and the private economy, this study

employs the entropy weight method to construct a comprehensive evaluation model reflecting the coupled development level of air transportation industry and private economy and the coupling coordination degree is investigated

at national, regional, and provincial levels. The findings reveal that the coupling coordination degree between China′s air transport industry and private economy has steadily increased, gradually attaining high-quality coupling.

The coupling coordination degree between the two at the region level demonstrates polarization characteristics, with

East China exhibiting the highest coordination level, while the lowest in Northwest and Xinjiang regions. At the

provincial level, similar polarization patterns emerge: Guangdong and other provinces are categorized as "coordinated coupling zones", whereas Beijing and others fall into "uncoordinated and declining zones". Finally, corresponding rationalization suggestions are proposed based on research results at different levels.