基于FMEA 的飞机燃油箱防火安全性分析

中国民航大学学报

基于FMEA 的飞机燃油箱防火安全性分析

宋彪^a，王旭^a，张欢^b

（沈阳航空航天大学a.安全工程学院；b.能源与环境学院，沈阳110136）

收稿日期:2012-09-23 修回日期:2012-12-11 出版日期:2013-10-15 发布日期:2013-10-08
作者简介:宋彪（1986—），男，天津人，硕士研究生，研究方向为飞行器动力设计、民用航空安全技术.

Aircraft fuel tank fire safety analysis based on FMEA

SONG Biao^a,WANG Xu^a,ZHANG Huan^b

(a. School of Safety Engineering;b. School of Clean Energy & Environment Engineering;Shenyang Aerospace University;Shenyang 110136;China)

Received:2012-09-23 Revised:2012-12-11 Online:2013-10-15 Published:2013-10-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自1959 年起已发生了17 起飞机燃油箱点燃事故，统计表明飞机燃油箱点燃事故是对飞机运行安全性影响最大的灾难性事件之一，始终受到航空安全领域高度关注。针对此类风险，FAA 通过不断修正规章来满足飞机运行安全，但往往咨询通告形式的修订缺少系统化的分析。依据事故调查，主要影响燃油箱防火安全的原因有：电火花和电弧、电器加热效应、摩擦火花、平面热辐射。对飞机燃油箱防火安全功能设备进行风险量化。首先使用FMEA 对各功能元件进行风险分析，找到与“风险状态”相关的失效模式；其次运用三元素法“风险状态”评估标准量化故障模式的风险优先数；最后根据元件的失效模式采用树图分析方法对影响燃油箱内、外点火源的功能元件进行管理。本文还对复合材料燃油箱的特殊失效模式进行初步分析，为飞机燃油箱防火安全的系统化分析提供方法。

关键词: 点火源, FMEA, 三元素法, 复合材料燃油箱

Abstract:

Since 1959,there have been seventeen aircraft fuel tank lighted accidents,showing that the fuel tank lighted accidents are catastrophic in aircraft safety operation process. These accidents always attract high attention in aviation safety field. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)continuously fixes the airworthiness rules to satisfy the aircraft safe operation by reducing these risks,but Advisory Circular(AC)is short of systematic analysis. Based on accident investigations,main influencial factors of the fuel tank fire safety are electrical arcs and sparks,filament heating,friction sparks,and hot surface ignition or auto-ignition. And the fuel tank fireproof function devices are quantified. Firstly,with Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA),each of the function equipments is analyzed to find out the failure mode in different risk status. Secondly,the failure mode level in Risk Priority Number is quantified by three elements method risk state evaluative criteria. At last,according to the component failure mode,tree graph analysis method is employed to manage the fuel tank inside and outside ignition source function elements. Based on the initial analysis of the composites fuel tank special failure mode,a systematic analysis method of the aircraft fuel tank fire safety is proposed.

Key words: ignition resources, FMEA, three elements method, composites fuel tank

中图分类号:

V328

宋彪，王旭，张欢. 基于FMEA 的飞机燃油箱防火安全性分析[J]. 中国民航大学学报.

SONG Biao,WANG Xu,ZHANG Huan. Aircraft fuel tank fire safety analysis based on FMEA[J]. .

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