航空后向座椅16g水平冲击结构试验研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对安装于某型号公务机的前向和后向座椅，依据美国联邦航空管理局（FAA，FederalAviationAdministra鄄tion）AC25.562-1B标准，开展了满足中国民用航空规章（CCAR，Chinesecivilaviationregulations）第25部适航要求的16g水平冲击结构试验。通过与前向座椅的试验传力路径、试验工况、测试指标、试验过程以及试验结果对比，研究了后向座椅在16g水平冲击结构试验中的差异特性。试验结果表明：相对于前向座椅假人通过约束系统传递载荷至靠背，后向座椅假人惯性载荷直接作用在靠背上；后向座椅的试验受载严酷度小于前向座椅，椅腿最大合成接口载荷相比前向座椅小1.9%~21.9%，水平方向最大变形相比前向座椅小29.1%~40.7%；相对于前向座椅假人向前运动，由于安全带初始向上约束效果差，后向座椅假人会在惯性载荷下沿靠背发生明显的向上滑动；由于后向座椅假人头部与头靠距离很近，且头靠泡沫具有一定的吸能效果，依据头部损伤判断标准（HIC，headinjurycriterion），假人头部碰撞头靠的损伤风险较小。

关键词: 前向座椅, 后向座椅, 接口载荷, 冲击试验, 试验假人, 适航

Abstract: According to the AC 25.562-1B standard of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the 16 g longitudinal im鄄 pact structure tests of the forward facing and rear facing seats installed in a certain type of business aircraft were carried out to meet the airworthiness requirements of Part 25 of the Chinese civil aviation regulations (CAAR).By comparing with the test force transmission path, test condition, test index, test process and test results of the forward facing seat, the differential characteristics of the rear facing seat in the 16 g longitudinal impact structure test were researched. The results showed that the inertial load of the rear facing seat dummy directly acted on the backrest, compared with the load of the forward facing seat dummy transferred to the backrest by the restraint system. The test load severity of the rear facing seat was less than that of the forward facing seat, the seat leg's maximum resultant interface load was 1.9% - 21.9% smaller than that of the forward facing seat, and the longitu鄄 dinal maximum deformation is 29.1% - 40.7% smaller than that of the forward facing seat. Compared to the for鄄 ward motion of the forward facing seat dummy, the rear facing seat dummy slided upward along the backrest ob鄄 viously under the inertial load due to the poor initial upward restraint effect of the safety belt. Since the distance between the head and the headrest of the rear facing seat dummy was very close and the headrest foam had a cer鄄 tain energy absorption effect, the injury risk of dummy head hitting the headrest was relatively low according to the head injury criterion (HIC).

Key words: forward facing seat, rear facing seat, interface load, impact test, test dummy, airworthiness

中图分类号:

V216

林策, 黄志伟, 张凯宁. 航空后向座椅16g水平冲击结构试验研究[J]. 中国民航大学学报, 2023, 41(4): 8-15.

LIN Ce, HUANG Zhiwei, ZHANG Kaining. Research on 16g longitudinal impact structure test of aviation rear facing seat[J]. Journal of Civil Aviation University of China, 2023, 41(4): 8-15.

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