Journal of Civil Aviation University of China

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Optimization of taxiway based on improved Dijkstra algorithm

ZHAI Wenpeng, LIU Runnan, ZHU Chengyuan

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (1): 1-6.

Abstract （2962）

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In order to reduce the congestion and flight delay of large busy airports, the strategic dynamic optimization of flights taxiway in the terminal area of airport is carried out. Firstly, the time windows of the flights in the terminal area of the airport are divided, the flight sets are classified, and the improved Dijkstra algorithm is used to dynamically plan the flights that need path optimization. The improved Dijkstra algorithm divides the whole time process into several continuous rolling time slices. In each time slice, the solution to taxiway optimization of each flight is obtained by using the traditional Dijkstra algorithm with the objective of minimizing the sum of time equivalent length of scene nodes. Secondly, the algorithm is implemented by Matlab in total airspace and airport modeller (TAAM) simulation software, and the correctness of the algorithm is verified by an actual airport. The experimental results show that the improved Dijkstra algorithm can effectively reduce the taxiing conflict, improve the taxiing efficiency and shorten the airport flight delay time.

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Optimization of airport gate conflict based on bi-level programming model

LI Longhai, YAO Jincheng

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (1): 7-12.

Abstract （1996）

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With the gradual increase of airport flight density, the possibility of conflict between adjacent flights at the same gate is increasing, which affects the operational efficiency of the airport and increases the gate operation risks. Based on bi-level programming model, this paper takes far airport gate utilization and robustness of airport gate assignment as the upper model of the optimization goal, takes push-out conflict time of adjacent flights at the same gate as the lower model of the optimization goal, to optimize airport gate assignment, and employs the genetic algorithm to find the optimal solution of the whole system. The actual flight data of an airport is selected for example analysis. The results show that the use of remote seats in morning and evening peak hours was reduced by 31.25% and 23.53% respectively, and the conflict time was reduced by 16 minutes and 24 minutes after optimization, improving the utilization rate of airport gate assignment and the airport operating efficiency. The study provides solutions and technical support for large and busy airport operation and effectively reduces the risks of gate operation.

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Parallel anomaly detection method for massive network traffic based on multi-model fusion

HAN Ping, ZHANG Han, FANG Cheng, NIU Yonggang

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (1): 13-20.

Abstract （2098）

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Aiming at the low accuracy and difficulties of real-time detection resulting from the limitation of the data scale and the processing capacity of the traditional network traffic anomaly detection methods, a parallel anomaly detection method based on multi-model fusion is proposed. The first step of the method is to train the multiple single models, and then fuse them together. The fused model using distributed architecture can realize streaming parallel calculation of the algorithm and ultimately verify the recognition results so that it can form a blacklist of abnormal network traffic, and accurately detect the real -time network traffic by the blacklist. Experiments conducted on Hadoop platform with KDD CUP99 as data sets show that the proposed method complete the anomaly detection of real-time stream data, but also improve the accuracy and efficiency compared with other typical methods.

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Object-oriented SVM classification of PolSAR image

HAN Binbin, HAN Ping , CHENG Zheng

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (1): 21-26.

Abstract （2117）

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Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar(PolSAR) image is characterized with strong speckle noise and big scene. Therefore, an object-oriented support vector machine(SVM) classification algorithm was proposed. Firstly, the object to be classified is generated by superpixel segmentation, which reduces the classification unit and achieves noise reduction; Then, the radar cross section (RCS) features with complete information and simple statistical description are extracted by the conversion matrix; Finally, SVM classifier with strong learning ability and generalization ability is selected to realize image classification. Experiments are conducted with publicly measured San Francisco data, and the experimental results show that the accuracy of this algorithm is improved by 10% compared with the contrast algorithm.

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Design and implementation of vehicle GPS receiver acquisition module based on ZYNQ

HU Tieqiao, ZHAO Donghui

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (1): 27-33.

Abstract （1963）

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Aiming at the disadvantages of large size, high power consumption and high cost of traditional anti-jamming global positioning system(GPS) receivers composed of advanced RISC machines(ARM) and field programmable gate array (FPGA), a design scheme of anti-jamming GPS with real-time acquisition module composed of Wei Shi Rui Y320 platform is proposed. The platform integrates AD9361 RF agile transceiver and ZYNQXC7Z020-CLG400ABX1829 chip. Using the acquisition algorithm on the existing anti-jamming GPS receiver platform in the laboratory, the acquisition threshold algorithm in the original algorithm is optimized, and the number of acquired satellites is increased to 37, and the acquisition function is realized on the new hardware platform. Results show that the acquisition algorithm implemented by the new hardware platform can effectively capture GPS satellites, meet the requirements of GPS receiver acquisition module design, and provide a basis for tracking, positioning, and anti-jamming functions.

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Application of improved neural network PID in controlling temperature of air conditioner

FEI Chunguo, WU Tingna

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (1): 34-39.

Abstract （2455）

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In order to improve the temperature control level of central air conditioning system in airport terminal, aiming at the time delay and multiple disturbance factors, a fuzzy radial basis function (RBF) neural network PID control method based on the improved beetle antennae search (IBAS) algorithm is proposed for the characteristics of the central air-conditioning system in the terminal building. The temperature control model of air conditioning area is established, and the PID parameters are on-line adjusted by fuzzy RBF neural network to solve the timevarying and nonlinear problems of the system. At the same time, because the parameters of the neural network are difficult to be properly selected, a method to optimize the parameters of the fuzzy RBF network by the BAS algorithm is proposed, which is improved by the Levy flight mechanism and variable step size strategy, so as to improve the algorithm's ability and stability of jumping out of local optimal. Simulation results show that the fuzzy RBF network PID control method optimized by IBAS algorithm effectively improves the robustness and adaptive ability of the system and has a good control effect on the air conditioning system.

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Prediction of remaining useful life for the bearing of electro-hydraulic actuator using fireworks algorithm-based particle filter

GUO Runxia, ZHANG Guoliang, WANG Yu

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (1): 40-46.

Abstract （1858）

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Bearing is the one of important components of electro-hydraulic actuator, so accurate prediction of the remaining useful life for the bearing has a great engineering significance. Particle filter is suitable for nonlinear and nonGaussian systems. However, the problem of particles' degradation affects its performance, so the improved particle filter is used to predict the remaining useful life of the bearing. Firstly, in order to solve the problem of particles' degradation, the fireworks algorithm is ameliorated from the aspects of operation and selection strategy, and the enhanced fireworks algorithm is utilized to design the resampling process of particle filter. Then, timedomain characteristic, the root mean square value of vibration acceleration signal is extracted as the health index of the bearing, which can reflect the wear degree of the bearing effectively. Meanwhile, the degradation state equation of the bearing is established based on the Paris-Erdogan model, in which parameters are identified by the least square method. Finally, the prediction of remaining useful life for the bearing of electro -hydraulic actuator is realized. The result indicates that the proposed particle filter can well predict the remaining useful life of the bearing.

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Influence of airport pavement roughness on performance of joint load transfer

QI Chunxiang, LIU Chaojia, HAN Zhuo, CUI Xiaoyun, GAO Yuhuan

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (1): 47-52.

Abstract （1764）

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In order to study the influence of airport pavement roughness on the joint load transfer performance, a finite element model of roughness is established based on international roughness index (IRI) to simulate the dynamic load effect of aircraft on the pavement. The effects of three different load forms and seven different dynamic load coefficients on the loading performance and mechanical properties of the pavement are analyzed. Results show that the trigonometric series synthesis method can be used to simulate the roughness of different grades of the pavement. The displacements on both sides of the joint and the bending and tensile stresses at the bottom of the plate under the loading of pavement roughness are higher than those under the static load and the smooth moving load. When the dynamic load coefficient increases from 1.00 to 1.30, the deflection load transfer coefficient of the joint and the load distribution coefficient of the key force transmission bar basically remain unchanged, while the shear force transfer coefficient of the force transmission bar, the bending tensile stress at the bottom of the plate and the interface stress between the concrete and the force transmission bar all increase by about 28%. It can be seen that the influence of the roughness on the shear force transfer, the bending and tensile stress, the vertical stress and the interface stress of the channel plate is very significant. The above conclusions can provide theoretical basis for considering the load transfer of the pavement panel joints in the construction and design of the runway.

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Recognition of the location and area of hole damage in aluminum alloy plate based on WVD/ATDM

XU Jianxin, SONG Xudong, WU Yaogang

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (1): 53-59.

Abstract （1691）

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In order to recognize the location and area of the hole damage in the aluminum alloy plate, a damage identification technology based on Wigner-Ville distribution(WVD)/arrival time difference method(ATDM) is proposed, which uses Lamb wave as the research basis. The difference signals of Lamb waves, collected from the healthy and damaged aluminum alloy plate in experiment, are analyzed by WVD, and the arrival time of damage reflection signal is accurately extracted. The relationship of distance difference between sensors is established through ATDM, and the location center of hole damage is determined and the maximum damage radius is predicted, so as to identify the key indicators of hole damage. At the same time, the method is further verified by numerical simulation. The results show that the damage identification technology based on WVD/ATDM can not only accurately locate the hole damage, but also effectively identify the damage area.

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A construction of subspace codes of type （m，0，0，1） in pseudo-symplectic space

GAO You, GAO Jinru

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (1): 60-64.

Abstract （1556）

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The geometric space of classical groups over finite fields can be used to construct subspace codes and study their basic problems. Subspace codes are constructed based on the subspace of pseudo-symplectic spaces, and the calculation of Sphere-packing bounds, Singleton bounds, Gilbert-Varshamov bounds and Wang-Xing-SafaviNaini bounds has been completed.

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Static source error correction of civil aircraft based on stepwise regression analysis

ZHANG Peng , BAI Yanhui

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (2): 1-5.

Abstract （4713）

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Aiming at the static source error of civil aircraft air data system, the correlation between error and main influencing factors is analyzed by stepwise regression analysis, the static source error correction model is studied and an effective error correction scheme is proposed to improve the accuracy of static pressure measurement. B777 aircraft model is taken as an example, the consistency between 3D modeling created by Solidworks and the real machine experiment is verified by computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation method. Static pressure measurements under different flight conditions were obtained through simulation and post-processing, and the errors are corrected according to the error correction scheme proposed by the stepwise regression method. The error of the calculated airspeed according to the revised static pressure solution is less than 3%, which meets the requirements of airworthiness clause. The revised scheme has high practical application value, and can provide reference for the design of static pressure source error correction scheme for civil aircraft.

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A study on the rainstorm that causes flight delays——An event of rainstorm over Sichuan Basin on July 11, 2018

LIU Haiwen , HOU Shaoyu , MAO Jiangnan , GONG Yuanfa

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (2): 6-13.

Abstract （4401）

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Rainstorm is one of the main bad weathers that cause large-scale flight delays. The rainstorm in Sichuan Basin on July 11, 2018 (7.11 rainstorm hereafter) was analyzed using the national hourly encrypted precipitation data, National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)-final reanalysis data(FNL) and FY-2E infrared cloud chart, by the methods of weather analysis and medium scale numerical simulation.The results showed that the heavy rainfall on July 11 occurred at 02 ∶ 00 am and 08 ∶ 00 am on the 11th. The former is a night rain, and the latter is a daytime precipitation. At 500 hPa, the Baikal Lake vortex extends to the Westerly trough of Sichuan Basin, at 700 hPa, the Southwest vortex and shear line located in the basin, the West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) and typhoon Maria are the main weather patterns that affect the 7.11 rainstorm. The mesoscale numerical model weather research forecast(WRF) can better simulate the spatial distribution of the 24-hour accumulated precipitation, but the simulation result of daytime precipitation is not good. In addition, the duration of the southwest vortex simulated by the model is shorter than that of the actual situation.

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Identification method for non-normative NOTAM based on NLP

XIANG Heng , ZHANG Chi , LI Meng

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (2): 14-18.

Abstract （4146）

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Aiming at the non-normative problems of item Q and item E in the notice to airmen（NOTAM）, a method of text similarity calculation in natural language processing is proposed to identify the non-normative NOTAMs. Firstly, translating the item E into Chinese by statistical machine translation method, and translating the item Q into Chinese by establishing a database. Then, Word2vec model is used to calculate the similarity between the two sentences, and the recognition standard of non -normative NOTAMs is established. Based on the similarity calculation of item Q and item E in 500 collected NOTAMs, 0.7 is set as the benchmark of non -normative NOTAMs. The data test shows that the recognition accuracy of NOTAMs is 96.2%, which verifies the feasibility of non-normative NOTAMs recognition method based on NLP.

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Aptitude assessment of newly certified professional air traffic controllers at EC and PLC consoles

JIANG Nan

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (2): 19-23.

Abstract （3894）

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In order to clarify the newly certified professional controller’s aptitude at executive controllers(EC) and planning controllers(PLC) consoles, firstly, we established a comprehensive assessment index system to test the new controller’s ability based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP). Several senior controllers scored the performance of the new controllers at both the EC console and the PLC console. The result shows that the comprehensive performance of the new controller will significantly be improved with the increase of the time of independent work, meanwhile the performance of controller at the EC console is always better than that at the PLC console. Secondly, the number of no-consequence violations at different consoles of new controllers is counted. The result shows that the number of no-consequence violations at EC console is less than that at PLC console. Finally, based on the above evaluation results, the performance of new controllers at EC console is generally better than that in PLC console. This result can provide reference for the work arrangement of newly certified controllers. It is suggested that on the premise of ensuring safe operation, newly certified professional controllers should be arranged to work at EC console more often, and the training for those at PLC console should be reinforced appropriately.

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Research on methods of identifying unruly passengers in civil aviation

CAO Weidong, XU Xiuli

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (2): 24-30.

Abstract （3427）

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Aiming at various unruly behavior of civil aviation passengers, such as making calls and disturbing other passengers, a Tag+Bi-LSTM+CRF neural network model is proposed to obtain the identity of unruly passengers. Considering that there are multiple entities in a sentence in a civil aviation text record, the pattern of entities appearing in the sentence may contain useful semantic information. The characters in the named entity recognition are marked with the BIOES method and then connected in series with word embedding and position embedding for the purpose of enriching input expressions. First, use the Yedda tool to label the entities at random in record text of civil aviation passengers, and combine word embedding and location embedding as input to the model. Second, the bi-directional long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM) model is used to obtain the contextual features of the sequence text. Then, the sequence labeling result is obtained through the conditional random field(CRF) model. Finally, a dropout layer is added into the input layer and Bi-LSTM layer to prevent overfitting. The experimental results show that the accuracy, recall rate and F1 of the unruly passenger identification are as high as 96% or more, and it can effectively obtain information of the unruly passengers with regard to behavior, grade, punishment, and time limit.

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Research on requirements validation method of civil aircraft customer service engineering development

XU Qiang

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (2): 31-35.

Abstract （3330）

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For the development of civil aircraft based on requirements, the correctness and completeness of the defined requirements are crucial to the entire development process. The current research and application work are not enough with regard to defining the principles and methods of customer requirements validation. Through the research and exploration of the method of validating the customer requirements for the civil aircraft, we are more assured of this method and its selection principles along with the tools of validation. The final customer service product thus developed can meet the requirements and expectations of stakeholders.

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Approach of strain based rigid-elastic coupling modeling for flexible aircraft

YANG Jianzhong, LU Yong, YANG Shibin

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (2): 36-41.

Abstract （3356）

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As the proportion of structural weight of advanced civil transport aircraft gets smaller and smaller, the aircraft shows higher flexibility, traditional rigid model assumption may lead to large errors in the study of aircraft flight control. Considering the large deformation movement of the wing, strain based nonlinear beam model is used to establish a coupling model of structural dynamics and traditional rigid flight dynamics. The aerodynamic parameters of the rigid-elastic coupling aircraft equivalent to the rigid model are obtained by the equivalent method, and the differences between the traditional rigid model and the rigid-elastic coupling model on aileron and vertical gust response are compared through simulation. The results show that the elasticity of the wing will reduce the aileron efficiency by 18.77% during the roll maneuver. Under the action of vertical gust, the wing root bending moment predicted by the rigid-elastic coupling model is 8.35% lower than that by rigid model, and elastic motion of the wing also has an impact on rigid motion.

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Study on airworthiness compliance of large aircraft anti/deicing system based on CS25

WANG Gang, ZHENG Li, FENG Chao

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (2): 42-46.

Abstract （3527）

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To ensure the safety of large aircraft flying through clouds, large airliners should design and install wings, windshields and nacelle anti/deicing systems. First of all, based on the 3 parameters that affect icing intensity: liquid water content(LWC ), ambient temperature and median volume diameter(MVD), and in combination with appendixes C and O of CS25, this paper describes 4 kinds of icing envelops’ characteristics. Secondly, based on the current design level of anti/deicing system, the airworthiness terms of the anti/deicing system are reviewed with 25.1420(a)(1) asthe certification target. Finally, based on the CS25 and AC-25-28, airworthiness compliance analysis is carried out according to the characteristics of the aircraft's various systems, which provides a reference for the design and airworthiness certification of the large passenger aircraft anti/deicing system.

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Design of a new non-contact permanent magnet wall-climbing robot

JIANG Dezheng , ZHU Bing , REN Wenfeng , FU Xingwei , ZHAO Yanzheng

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (2): 47-51.

Abstract （3470）

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In order to improve the adsorption capacity of the wall climbing robot at arbitrary position in the steel pipe, a design scheme for novel non-contact permanent magnetic wall-climbing robot mechanism is proposed, starting with the structural design and combined with the structural characteristics of a certain type of steel pipe. Firstly, the design of permanent magnetic adsorption module is introduced in detail. Secondly, according to the geometric position change of the wall climbing robot in the steel pipe, the change of the adsorption force is calculated, and the static constraints in the limit case are analyzed. Finally, by simulation and field test, the wall climbing robot can realize reliable adsorption at arbitrary position in the steel pipe under large load.

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Further discussion on coefficients of Terzaghi's ultimate bearing capacity

CHENG Guoyong , WANG Zhaoyuan , LIU Dahai

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (2): 52-57.

Abstract （3941）

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The ultimate foundation bearing capacity is a classic problem of soil mechanics, with a wide range of influ－ ence and a extensive application. The currently adopted Terzaghi’s ultimate bearing capacity formula fails to provide an analytical solution for the parameter Nγ. The empirical formulas proposed by the predecessors are quite different, with unclear basis, it is difficult to get unified. Thus the author obtains the analytical solution of Terzaghi foundation bearing capacity coefficients of Nγ, Nq and Nc with the principle of limit equilibrium, verifies the correctness of the coefficients Nq and Nc along with that of the parameter Nγ in theory and expands the scope of application of Prandtl-Reissner’s formula on the relationship between Nq and Nc. The research result provides useful references for the study and research on the basic theory of bearing capacity.

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A stress recovery method based on the programme of Gauss points in adjacent elements

QING Guanghui, XU Jingyu

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (2): 58-64.

Abstract （3209）

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For the two-dimensional incompatible 4 -nodes quadrilateral element model, a new isoparametric element is constructed using the Gaussian points in adjacent elements around the nodes, and the stresses of the nodes included in the element can be calculated directly. This method avoids the calculation process of average value of stress results of adjacent elements at common nodes in the common extrapolation method and the program is easier. A simple linear interpolation method is used to calculate the boundary node stress from the internal node stress of the model. Examples show that the accuracy of the stress in the model is higher than that of the extrapolation method, and the convergence analysis of the stress proves the correctness and effectiveness of the method, which is a method with universal applicability. When the method is used to analyze the stress concentration problem of plate with holes, the stress concentration factor obtained is closer to the theoretical solution than that of the extrapolation method.

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Aviation VHF data link secure communication technology

YUE Meng , ZOU Jiaxu , HU Yue , GUO Jiangxin , XUE Jiameng , ZENG Lingjin

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (3): 1-7.

Abstract （968）

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Aiming at the problems of plaintext transmission, entity authentication and message authentication system in the current aviation very high frequency(VHF) technology in message transmission, a more applicable solution of message encryption and digital authentication is proposed based on the data link of aircraft communication addressing and reporting system(ACARS) and domestic SM algorithm. The scheme encrypts the body part of the message, and uses the public key cryptographic algorithm to sign the cipher text to obtain the corresponding signature value. The ciphertext and signature value will be combined in a specific format and then filled into the body part of the original message. Experiments show that using the symmetric encryption algorithm to process the message is superior to the asymmetric one in terms of payload size, encryption and decryption time, etc., and is more suitable for aviation VHF data links. The introduction of encryption algorithm and digital authentication into aviation VHF data link communication technology can ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data link, improve the security of message transmission, and is of great significance to aviation information security.

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Analysis and research on fuel consumption based on trajectory data

CHEN Yujun, SUN Fanrong, XU Xueji, MU Yao

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (3): 8-14.

Abstract （887）

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With the rapid growth of the air transport industry, traditional flight procedure based fuel forecasting is no longer able to accurately calculate the amount of fuel carried by an aircraft, and therefore an accurate fuel forecast has become an important objective for the robust development of major airlines. In order to decide the quantity fuel consumption in a more scientific way, the trajectory data was firstly processed for use in the calculation of fuel consumption with the method based on the user manual for the BADA database, assuming a constant fuel consumption rate for each flight segment. The fuel consumption model for the descent and approach phase was then developed, and the analysis of the fuel consumption data was used to propose a recommended fuel carrying value for the airline for a particular flight phase. The proposed fuel consumption model was verified with the BADA database offered by Yunnan Sub-bureau, China Southwest Air Traffic Management Bureau.

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Research on vehicle-induced vibration response caused by railway crossing airport tower

CHEN Yiting , FENG Dubei , LU Linxing , WANG Wei , YANG Jizhong , JIN Xuwei

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (3): 15-22.

Abstract （856）

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With the planning and construction of the airport integrated transport hub project, it is inevitable that high-speed railways and rapid subway will cross the airport tower at close range. The impact of vehicle-induced vibration on the tower has attracted attention from air traffic control, and there are currently no relevant cases and guidelines for railway crossing the tower for reference. This paper takes a domestic airport integrated transport hub as the research object, analyzes the vibration caused by 250 km/h high -speed railway and 120 km/h rapid subway passing the tower at close range, and evaluates the vibration response of the tower functional layer. The results show that when the high-speed railway crosses, the main frequency of tower vibration is in the range of 30-70 Hz, the maximum vibration levels of the elevator room and the functional area of the tower respectively reach 75.6 dB and 66.8 dB, exceeding the night vibration limit of 62 dB. When the rapid subway crosses, the vibration of each layer of the tower does not exceed the standard. When the high-speed railway and the rapid subway cross at the same time，the vibration response of the tower will be superimposed, the maximum vibration levels of the elevator room and the functional area of the tower control command floor respectively reach 79.5 dB and 67.5 dB，and the overall exceeding rate reaches 0.97%-28.2%. The research results provide reference and basis for subsequent railway construction into airport hubs.

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Temperature control technology of L-shaped heat pipe + insulation board for airport runway in permafrost area

CHENG Guoyong, MA Shaomin, YANG Yiheng

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (3): 23-29.

Abstract （624）

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In accordance with the characteristics of the airport runway in permafrost area and the special requirements of the flight area, a technical solution for obliquely inserted L-shaped heat pipe + insulation board temperature control was proposed. First, the cooling effect of industrial pure aluminum, Q235 carbon steel and 304 stainless steel heat pipes of three different materials was tested and compared, and the results showed that the cooling effect of industrial pure aluminum heat pipes was the best. Then, the L-shaped pure aluminum heat pipe was used to test and analyze the influence of the slope angle, bending angle, thickness and buried depth of the insulation board on the temperature control of the roadbed. The test shows that the range is 10°-45°, the larger the slope angle of the evaporation section, the better the cooling effect. Under the quantitative index of gradient ratio with a 25° slope angle of the evaporation section, the cooling effect and economic optimization can be achieved simultaneously, so the evaporation section slope angle is 25°; the bending angle of the heat pipe has little effect on the cooling rate. At the same depth, the temperature difference ranges from 0.1 ℃ to 0.3 ℃ and the bending angle is 120°; the soil layer of 2 cm insulation board has the highest temperature recovery rate, 3 cm and 5 cm boards are close in recovery rate, 8 cm is the lowest. To be economic, a 3 cm thick insulation board is buried at the depth of 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm respectively, and the soil temperature change is compared. The soil temperature recovery rate of 10 cm buried depth is 0.02%-0.71% higher than that of 20 cm buried depth, 0.65%-1.71% higher than that of 30 cm buried depth, while the recovery rate at 20 cm buried depth is 0.62%-1.62% higher than that at 30 cm buried depth. The insulation effect of the board at 30 cm buried depth from the overlying gravel layer is relatively optimal.

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Dynamic analysis of drainage conditions based on the requirements of reconstruction and expansion of the airfield area facilities

ZHAO Fangran, SU Shoutao, CAO Yuanbing

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (3): 30-34.

Abstract （1096）

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In view of the previous design of the drainage system in the flight area of China′ s airports, the rainstorm recurrence period selected was too small, resulting in insufficient water delivery capacity of the drainage facilities under heavy rainstorms. According to the Specifications for Aerodrome Drainage Design, the storm water management model (SWMM) simulation software is used to simulate and analyze the rainfall and runoff in the flight area of Wenzhou Longwan International Airport, and to discuss the demand law for the spatial parameters of drainage facilities when the rainstorm recurrence period is large. The analysis results show that in the reconstruction and expansion of the airport, the rainstorm recurrence period of P = 5 a should be selected, and the spatial parameter requirements of the specification should be met; for the utilization of existing facilities, the recurrence period of the peak year should be selected for check as much as possible. And measures such as increasing the width of the existing pipe trenches and increasing the parallel diversion can be used to improve the drainage effect, thereby laying a foundation for increasing the rainstorm recurrence period of the drainage facilities. The research results can provide a reference for the comprehensive improvement of the drainage system function of the airport flight area.

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Flight delay prediction model based on CART algorithm

WANG Hui , ZHANG Wenjie , LIU jie , CHEN Linfeng , LI Zenan

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (3): 35-40.

Abstract （1128）

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Aiming at the flight delay problem of civil aviation airliners, this paper constructs a flight delay prediction model based on random forest model and classification regression decision tree(CART) algorithm, on which a large amount of training are conducted by using the real data set from large China airports. With the training results of Logistic regression algorithm, K-nearest neighbor(KNN) regression algorithm and decision tree algorithm, and with the fitting results, it is concluded that this method can deal with high latitude data with good generalization ability, and reduce the possibility of over fitting. The fitting degree R2 of the model can reach 0.83.

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Risk identification and interactive risk assessment of 4C inspection based on HHM-RFRM

WANG Yonggang , ZUO Beichen

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (3): 41-46.

Abstract （663）

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In order to identify risks accurately and effectively control the interaction of risks in maintenance, the improved hierarchical holographic model-risk filtering, rating and management(HHM-RFRM) are adopted to conduct interactive risk assessments on selected key risk categories, and to identify risks from planning and technical aspects, as in the case of 4C inspection. The results show that planning risks include planning control and construction preparation, and that technical risks include implementation and release. The interactive risk assessment model shows that when the unreasonable arrangement of staff interacts with the crossed maintenance work, nonstandard maintenance behaviors and the insufficiency of qualified staff, the risk is the greatest.

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Automatic classification of civil aviation safety information based on text augment

CUI Zhenxin, ZHANG Zhuoyan

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (3): 47-53.

Abstract （593）

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Aiming at the problem of insufficient samples in the application of automatic classification of civil aviation safety information, an automatic classifier is developed, based on the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) pre-training model, easy data augment(EDA) and support vector machine(SVM) algorithms.This paper categorizes the incident information into data subsets of different orders of magnitude according to the orders of magnitude of information of single incident type and analyzes the model performance of data-sets in different scale, especially for the small data-sets. The results show that the F 1w value is increased by 31.21 % , 9.66 % and 3.35 % when the orders of magnitude of single incident type are ten -scale, hundred -scale and thousand -scale respectively, indicating a significant improvement of model performance. Therefore, by text enhancement algorithm, the automatic classifier trained in relatively small data-sets has a good effect, and is applicable to automatic classification and processing for civil aviation safety information.

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Analysis on security risk of aviation cold chain logistics by GO-FLOW method

WEI Ran , CHEN Bingcheng , LI Yanhua

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (3): 54-58.

Abstract （590）

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Based on combing the work-flow of aviation cold chain logistics, this paper calculated the system risk in the process of transportation using the GO-FLOW method, identified and analyzed the risk degree of each link of air cold chain logistics transportation process. The calculation results showed that three key factors significantly affected the safety of aviation cold chain logistics transportation system, such as the loading/unloading in the parking apron, the airport security inspection and two-times ground transportation in the process. Finally, with the above research and a lot of work practices, some suggestions on risk avoidance in cold chain logistics in the process of air transportation were proposed.

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Design of the flaps actuation system architecture based on design structure matrix

YANG Jianzhong, CHEN Bang, SUN Xiaozhe

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (3): 59-64.

Abstract （693）

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With the enhancement of the function of the flight control system, the flap actuation system is required to perform more additional functions to improve flight efficiency. Taking the A320 flap actuation system as a reference, the initial flap actuation system matrix model is created based on the function-driven design structure matrix, with which a few modifications are made and new functional elements are introduced. The functional architecture model of the system is obtained using clustering algorithm, and the flap actuation system architecture that meets the multi-functional requirements is developed. On the basis of the initial architecture, the new architecture can realize the independent control and drive of the flap after minor changes. Therefore, the architecture of the flap actuation system can be designed effectively based on the design structure matrix.

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EMI near-field array measurement and spatial analysis in open test filed

GONG Fengxun, HE Ruirui

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (4): 1-9.

Abstract （480）

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In order to improve the efficiency, accuracy and scale of measuring the radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI), an improved electric ringlet probe is designed and used to construct an electric ringlet probe array for EMI near-field measurement. By changing different height, distance and power parameters, an open near-field test environment of co-channel interference and in-band interference of dual signals is constructed. According to the actual measurement data, the radiation distribution of E-plane and H-plane of the tested omnidirectional antenna and directional antenna is visually displayed, and the spatial distribution state of the radiated signal is reconstructed. The radiated interference states under different interference distance, different interference power, co-channel interference and in-band interference are depicted, and the changing trends of interference under these different conditions are compared. It is found that the closer the interference distance, the greater the interference power, and the greater the intensity of radiated interference. In addition, the influence of the co-channel interference on the interference state is greater than that of the in-band interference. The near-field measurement probe array can realize the judgment of radiation interference and interference mode, which has a relatively wide range of engineering application value.

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The design and realization of ADS-B receiver monitoring and testing software

HU Tieqiao, BI Ziwen

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (4): 10-16.

Abstract （881）

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To realize the performance test of the automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) receiver, the monitoring and testing software of the ADS-B receiver is developed and designed. Through the user datagram protocol(UDP) port, ADS-B messages are received from the receiver. Multi-threading technology is used to receive and decode ADS-B data at high speed in real time. Memory initialization file (MIF) map data files and Google Earth are used for track display and flight information visualization. With the setting of the software system, the performance of the ADS-B receiver is tested and the signal source is verified. The test results show that the ADS-B receiver monitoring software has a friendly man-machine interface and is easy to operate, which can better realize the testing of the receiver.

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Coordinated scheduling optimization of flight based on air-ground integration

GAO Dexiong , ZHANG Chenliang , SHI Zichang , ZHANG Lingyu

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (4): 17-21.

Abstract （777）

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To alleviate the problem of unreasonable flight delays, coordinated optimization of airport slot based on air-ground integration is proposed. This thesis takes the system which consists of parking stands, runways and waypoints as the research object, in perspective of the collaborative decision -making of air traffic control, airports and airlines, and establishes an optimization mathematical model of the maximum normal rate of airport release based on the actual operation of the flights. The strategic optimization results are studied with the aid of CPLEX solver. In addition to the basic operational restrictions of the airports, the model also introduces the waypoints capacity as innovation. The actual operation data of Nanjing Lukou Airport are used to verify the assumption. The optimization results show that flight number for optimization decreases as flow control increases, the total departure delay decreases by 486 min, while the normal release rate increases by 14.8%.

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Benefit analysis and evaluation of air overpass based on DEA model

WANG Lili, HU Qiwei

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (4): 22-26.

Abstract （541）

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In order to solve the problems of diverse construction benefits of air overpasses in different regions and few construction benefits in some regions, based on the collected real-time data，a data envelopment analysis(DEA) model with five evaluation indexes of total complexity, hourly risk, all day risk, hourly flow and all day flow is established. The C2 R model in DEA method is used to analyze 10 regions in China. The results show that the benefit values of Zhoukou and Changwu air overpass reach the best state, which shows that this method can be used as a means to evaluate the efficiency of air overpasses in different regions.

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Research on terminal sector dynamic programming based on improved Voronoi diagram

GUO Yushuai

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (4): 27-31.

Abstract （529）

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In order to improve the efficiency of air traffic control, firstly, by improving the horizontal division method of the Voronoi diagram and introducing the concept of weight, the airspace of the terminal area is divided; secondly, with the constraint structural characteristics, the improved ant colony algorithm is used to divide the terminal area control working state into three situations according to time period, and a sector dynamic programming model is established; finally, taking Kunming terminal area as an example, the validity of the model is verified by simulation, which can provide better airspace conditions for front-line control work.

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Deduplication fixed-length block method based on characteristics of civil aviation data

DING Jianli, LI Hui, CAO Weidong

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (4): 32-37.

Abstract （552）

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Aiming at the problem of data duplication in the storage of civil aviation data during disaster recovery and back-up. A deduplication fixed-length block method based on the characteristics of civil aviation data is proposed. According to the consistency of civil aviation data types, this method combines the advantages of fixed-length block and variable-length block, and designs a data structure of the block strategy index table. A block strategy is provided for the same type of data, and time is saved to find the boundary of the data block during block division, the simulated data deduplication rate during backup increases to 97.8%~99.3%, which is 11.8%~12.5% higher than that of the fixed-length block method, and 2.5%~3.0% higher than that of the variable length block method; at the same time, a new block strategy is established for new data types to facilitate subsequent data stream matching and improve hit accuracy.

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Study on finished product storage aging performance of asphalt mixture based on non-suspend air construction

CHENG Dejin, YANG Kai, BAI Xuyao, WANG Jiandang YANG Baoquan

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (4): 38-44.

Abstract （519）

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In order to study the influence of asphalt mixture temperature and finished product storage time on the aging performance of asphalt mixture in non-suspend air construction, this thesis analyzes the aging performance of AC-20 asphalt mixture under different temperatures (170 ℃, 180 ℃, 190 ℃) and different time lengths of the finished product storage (0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h) through the high temperature rutting test, low-temperature trabecular bending test, water stability test and fatigue test. The results show that with the increase of mixing temperature or storage time, the finished product storage aging degree of mixture gradually increases; the dynamic stability of the aging asphalt mixture also increases, while the maximum bending tensile strain, residual stability, tensile strength ratio (TSR) and fatigue life (180 ℃) decrease, and the aging performance has the greatest influence on TSR of asphalt mixture. Considering the site construction temperature and durability of the asphalt mixture, the best mixing temperature of AC-20 is 180 ℃, and the storage time should not exceed 6.7 h.

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Contrast of 3 deflection basin area index methods in the analysis of HWD test data

CHENG Guoyong, LU Xiaogang, ZHANG Yuhui, LIU Guoguang

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (4): 45-48.

Abstract （681）

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The deflection basin area index methods of different forms lack systematic analysis and reliability verification based on actual engineering. This paper conducted deflection tests on rigid pavements of 5 airports in different regions of China, and analyzed the reaction modulus of the top surface of rigid pavements base of 5 airports using three common domestic deflection basin area index methods. The analysis results show that the reaction modulus of the top surface of the base obtained by the area index method with central deflection value is 14%-45% and 9%-75% higher than the value obtained by the improved area index method with central deflection value, and accords with the area index method without central deflection value. Among the 5 airports, the reaction modulus of the top surface of base obtained by the area index method with central deflection value is completely consistent with the pavement classification number(PCN) value announced by the five case airports, and is more reliable than the other two methods. The reason is that the area index method without central deflection can effectively avoid errors caused by the no -squeeze assumption in thin plate theory. The analysis results will provide references for the analysis of airport rigid pavement structure performance.

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Research on intelligent passenger security check system and its efficiency

CHANG Min , LI Guangfei , LIN Tegao , LIU Yong , ZHANG Kuan , XU Xiaobo

Journal of Civil Aviation University of China 2022, 40 (4): 49-53.

Abstract （970）

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This paper further studies the efficiency of airport passenger security check using intelligent passenger security system with different layouts. Based on the distribution of each passenger's passing time at airport security check, a simulation model is built with Anylogic. Security check efficiency is analyzed in different numbers of placement and sorting positions and at different conveyor belt speeds. The simulation results show that under the given parameters, when the conveyor belt speed is 0.2 m/s, 3 sorting bits and 4 placement bits are the optimal layout scheme. It will provide a direction for the layout optimization of intelligent passenger security system in the future.

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